肝内胆管癌(ICC)是原发性肝癌的一种类型(原发性肝癌主要包括肝细胞癌和肝内胆管癌),其全球发病率明显上升。ICC 的恶性程度远高于肝细胞癌(通常所指的肝癌),仅少数较早期的病人可通过肝切除治疗延长
肝内胆管癌(ICC)是原发性肝癌的一种类型(原发性肝癌主要包括肝细胞癌和肝内胆管癌),其全球发病率明显上升。ICC 的恶性程度远高于肝细胞癌(通常所指的肝癌),仅少数较早期的病人可通过肝切除治疗延长生存,绝大多数病人尤其是中晚期病人缺乏有效治疗方法,生存时间极短。
探索 ICC 的发生和侵袭转移机制,对于发现新的治疗靶点,提高 ICC 该病治疗水平具有潜在和重要的意义。
2021 年 9 月 8 日,海军军医大学第三附属医院(上海东方肝胆外科医院)沈锋教授团队在 Journal of Hepatology(IF = 25.08)在线发表了题为「Circular RNA ACTN4 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by recruiting YBX1 to initiate FZD7 transcription」的研究论著。
他们发现一种环状 RNA(命名为 circACTN4)在 ICC 组织中显著上调;体外和体内实验表明 circACTN4 高表达增强 ICC 的增殖和转移能力;病人 ICC 肿瘤内 circACTN4 的高表达可导致肝切除术后更高的复发转移率和更短的生存时间。
机制研究表明 circACTN4 通过吸附 miR-424-5p 上调 Yes 相关蛋白 1(YAP1)的表达,尤其是 circACTN4 还可通过招募 Y-box 结合蛋白 1(YBX1)刺激 Frizzled-7(FZD7)的转录。
此外,ICC 细胞中 circACTN4 过表达可增强 YAP1(Hippo 信号通路核心成分)和β-catenin(Wnt 信号通路核心成分)之间的相互作用,表明 circACTN4 可同时调节两种与肿瘤侵袭转移相关的信号通路。
总之,他们的研究证实 circACTN4 在 ICC 中表达上调并通过充当 miR-424-5p 的分子海绵,以及通过与 YBX1 相互作用(激活 FZD7 的转录),促进 ICC 增殖转移,提示 circACTN4 可能是 ICC 潜在的预后标志物和新的治疗靶点。
Fig. 1. CircACTN4 identification and its relationship with ICC prognosis.
(A,B) Heatmap and scatter-plot of differentially expressed circRNAs in 7 paired ICC and adjacent non-tumor tissues using RNA microarray analysis. (C) CircACTN4 expression in 60 paired ICC and non-tumor tissues using qRT-PCR. (D) Validation of circACTN4 expression in 6 paired ICC and non-tumor tissues using RNase R. NT, non-tumor; T, tumor. (E) Basic circACTN4 expression in 4 cell lines using qRT-PCR. (F,G) CircACTN4 localization and relative expression in subcellular fractions using FISH assay. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 20 μm. (H,I) Kaplan-Meier curves of overall survival and recurrence in different circACTN4 expression groups. For (C) and (E), data are presented as means ± SDand analyzed using Student’s t test, and experiments were repeated three times. RNase R, Ribonuclease R; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Fig. 7. CircACTN4 involves in the Wnt/Hippo signaling pathways.
(A) CircACTN4 increased β-catenin and p-GSK3β levels in RBE cells in western blot. (B) CircACTN4 stimulated the nucleus accumulation of β-catenin in RBE cells in western blot. (C) CircACTN4 increased Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in RBE cells in TOP/FOP-Flash reporter assay. (D) Co-localization between YAP1 and β-catenin proteins using immunofluorescence in RBE cells. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar, 20 μm. (E) Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed circACTN4 promoted YAP1 and β-catenin nuclear accumulation. For (A-C), data are presented as means ± SD and analyzed using Student’s t test. The experiments were repeated in triplicate.
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